1752
17th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
It is decreed that all counties and department shall set up markers along the boundaries of aboriginal land, and Chinese settlers shall be strictly forbidden to cross the boundaries.
After an "aboriginal tribe" in Changhua county kills Chinese settlers, it is found that the Chinese had forcibly usurped aboriginal land. While the civil official considers it to be the work of unassimilated aborigines, the military officials considers the incident to have been caused by assimilated tribesmen. |
1754
19th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Following an earthquake, Maoshaoweng village (near Shihlin) in Tamsui department subsides into a swamp. |
1756
21st year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
July 3rd, A smuggler is decapitated and the head displayed in public as a warning to aboriginal tribesmen. |
1758
23rd year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Assimilated aborigines are ordered to pledge allegiance to the government and learn Qing customs (shaving the front part of their heads and leaving a braid in back, wearing Manchu-type garments). The tongshi and sheding system is abandoned. Unauthorized cultivation of land is forbidden.
The surname "Pan" is bestowed on the inhabitants of Zhuqian village. |
1759
24th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
A regulation is enacted that Chinese settlers who buy aboriginal land must also pay rent to the aborigines.
Assimilated aborigines are allowed to grow their hair, assume Chinese surnames, and allowed to take civil service examinations. |
1766
31st year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
The post of Nanhua road aboriginal control tongzhi is established, and is filled concurrently by the coastal defense tongzhi. At this time there are 93 villages of assimilated aborigines along the northern and southern roads, and more than 200 villages of unassimilated aborigines who have pledged loyalty to the government.
Yu Wenyi defeats the unassimilated aborigines of Youwunai village in the Tamsui area. |
1768
33rd year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
The Tamsui merchant Lin Hansheng leads a group of people to cultivate the Komalan area. After they are killed by aborigines, no other settlers go to Komalan until 1796. |
1769
August 10, 34th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
The Alishan Tongshi Wu Feng urges the aborigines not to take Chinese heads and is killed. The aborigines are greatly afraid and vow to stop killing Chinese. Wu Feng is venerated as the guardian spirit of Alishan, and a shrine is established in his honor. |
1771
36th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
August 26, The Polish nobleman Maurice August Benyowsky takes the Russian vessel Corvett to Taiwan. Benyowsky is attacked by aborigines after going ashore while the ship is anchored off the mouth of the Hsiukuluan river. On August 26th the ship reaches the vicinity of Aodi, and the crew join forces with Chief Huapo to subdue other villages in the vicinity. Benyowsky writes "Memoirs and Travels" upon returning to Europe, but there is little interest in Taiwan. |
1776
41st year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Xie Kaishi, a resident of Zhilan township in Tamsui, and others successfully dig the "Zhilan canal" together with local aborigines. |
1781
46th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Chinese settlers make an agreement with the Pingpu tribe of Xiulang allowing the former to cultivate Wanshunzhuang near Quanshan and enter Shenkeng. |
1784
49th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
A port is established at Lukang by imperial decree. The Lukang defense officer, who is concurrently tongzhi of the Beiluli aborigines, succeeds in reaching the Han river. A survey is made of cultivated land within the aboriginal boundary. |
1786
51st year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
The Tamsui Tongzhi Pan Kaibu is decapitated along the way by warriors of Yijiaweinan village. |
1787
52nd year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
March 26, Zhuang Datian leads an attack on Tainan.
On May 13 Zhang Qing captures Jin Gu (an aboriginal woman).
Aboriginal refugees number 448,807 and bring 218,970 head of livestock.
The Zhangzhou native Wu Sha and Tamsui residents Ke Youcheng, He Hui, and Zhao Longsheng join forces with Xu Tiansong, Zhu He, and Hong Zhang, and settle in the Sandiaoling are with more than 200 refugees from Fujian and Guangdong. Tamsui tongzhi Xu Menglin provides financial support for the cultivation of the Komalan area. |
1788
53rd year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Fengshan fortress in moved to Xiapotou at Dazhuqiaozhuang. Instances of wrongdoing are investigated and punished. Nearby mountain wilderness areas are allocated to the aborigines to cultivate. Two good men are given permission to come to Taiwan with their families. More than 5,000 jia of uncultivated outlying mountain areas and more than 3,000 jia of confiscated farmland are alloted for the use of garrison soldiers. Outposts are established on the boundary of land belonging to unassimilated aborigines. |
1789
54th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Assimilated aborigines are given tracts of flat land on which to grow food grain. |
1790
55th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Surveying: More than 3,734 jia of aboriginal land illegally cultivated by Chinese is discovered and confiscated. Boundary stones are replaced to permanently discourage trespassing. |
1791
56th year of the Qianlong reign period (Qing dynasty) |
The tunfan system of assigning aborigines land on which to grow food grain is established. |
1796
First year of the Jiaching reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Wu Sha gathers more than a thousand landless immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong, provides them with rice and axes, organizes them as a self-defense force, and settles in the area from Komalan to Wushigang (today's Toucheng area).
Upon reaching Komalan, Wu Sha is attacked by Pingpu tribesmen and driven back to Sandiao. |
| 1797 2nd year of the Jiaching reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Wu Sha requests permission from the Tamsui department to settle in Komalan. He is given permission and official seals. Wu Sha draws up a charter, recruits able-bodied men, builds roads, and establishes outposts. The aborigines of Komalan take fright at seeing so many Chinese settlers and besiege Wushigang. Wu Sha first retreats and defends Sandiao, but soon reaches an agreement with the aborigines and is able to continue with his settlement plans. |
| 1798 3rd year of the Jiaching reign period (Qing dynasty) |
Wu Sha establishes settlements as far as Erwei, but soon thereafter becomes ill and dies. Wu Sha's nephew Wu Hua continues his work and the amount of cultivated farmland increases. |
